Warsaw is the capital of Poland and its largest city. Warsaw has a population of approximately 1,700,000 people, and is the capital of Masovian Voivodship, which is home to many industries, including manufacturing, steel, electrical engineering, and automotive production. During Nazi occupation, all colleges and universities were closed and Warsaw's entire Jewish population (30 percent of the city) were herded into the Warsaw Ghetto. When the order came to liquidate the ghetto, Jewish fighters launched the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The ghetto was able to hold off for about a month. When the fighting ended, the survivors were massacred. In 1942, Germans built the Warsaw Concentration Camp, where 200,000 Poles were killed in the gas chambers in 1944. It features 66 institutions of higher learning, including Warsaw University and Warsaw School of Economics, and a Medical Academy. Tourists and locals alike are invited to visit over 30 theaters, including the National Theater and Opera, and the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Warsaw is host to the International Theatrical meetings, and the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition, the International Contemporary Music Festival, Jazz Jamboree, and other similar events. There are also several musical venues as well as the Palace of Culture and Science. Since World War II, Warsaw has been the second most important center of film production in Poland. As the capital of Poland, it has also been featured in countless movies, both Polish and foreign, including The Pianist by Roman Polanski. Warsaw's temperature is considered continental humid, with the average temperature being 17 degrees Celsius (about 63 degrees Fahrenheit). Yearly rainfall averages 680mm, July is the rainiest month